{"id":1054,"date":"2016-02-13T08:10:51","date_gmt":"2016-02-13T08:10:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/?p=1054"},"modified":"2016-02-13T11:25:33","modified_gmt":"2016-02-13T11:25:33","slug":"kritika-nabozenstvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/?p=1054","title":{"rendered":"Kritika n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kritici n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed nahr\u00e1vky na sme\u010d p\u0159\u00edmo od samotn\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f.<\/p>\n

Uve\u010fme k\u00a0zamy\u0161len\u00ed, alespo\u0148 p\u00e1r kritizovan\u00fdch bod\u016f:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. To, jak\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed dnes kdo vyzn\u00e1v\u00e1, je z velk\u00e9 procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny ot\u00e1zka nikoliv naz\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a objevov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 skryt\u00e9 pravdy, n\u00fdbr\u017e ot\u00e1zka \u010dist\u011b geografick\u00e1. Pokud se narod\u00edte v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii \u010di v Indon\u00e9sii, existuje velk\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee budete muslimov\u00e9. Pokud se narod\u00edte v USA \u010di v Braz\u00edlii, budete s vysokou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9. V Indii \u010di v Nep\u00e1lu pak m\u016f\u017eete po\u010d\u00edtat s hinduismem, a tak podobn\u011b. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b existuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pravdy sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed berou smrteln\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u011b a p\u0159itom si neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee premisou pro v\u0161echny jejich absolutn\u00ed pravdy je \u201epouh\u00e1\u201c geografie.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Opravdu jsme si jist\u00ed, \u017ee tam kde jsme, ve spole\u010denstv\u00ed nen\u00ed jen v\u011bc\u00ed nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho spoje autobusu, p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 p\u0159edur\u010denosti, genera\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bdi\u010dnosti tradice, ale vnit\u0159n\u00ed zhodnocen\u00e9 a st\u00e1le zhodnocovan\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0osobn\u00edm Bohem?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Sigmund Freud p\u0159edstavuje dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho kritika n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed z p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed. Freud, kter\u00fd byl v ml\u00e1d\u00ed siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn \u010detbou Bible, ji\u017e ve sv\u00e9m prvn\u00edm spise s n\u00e1zvem Nutkav\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u00fakony ozna\u010dil n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed za univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed nutkavou neur\u00f3zu.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Je pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry odvisl\u00e9 od vsugerovan\u00fdch emotivn\u00edch r\u00e1doby \u201ezku\u0161enost\u00ed\u201c? Nen\u00ed tajemstv\u00edm, \u017ee c\u00edrkve p\u0159itahuj\u00ed du\u0161evn\u011b naru\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nest\u00e1l\u00e9 povahy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u00a0\u201eMysl\u00edm si, \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je nejv\u00edce rozvratnou a nebezpe\u010dnou ideologi\u00ed, jak\u00e1 kdy byla vytvo\u0159ena. A co v\u00edc, je jedinou ideologi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je systematicky chr\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159ed kritikou, a to jak zevnit\u0159, tak z vn\u011bj\u0161ku.\u201c<\/em> Sam Harris<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00a0Opravdu mohu tam, kde jsem kriticky zhodnocovat p\u0159ijat\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed? Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 mne v\u016fbec je\u0161t\u011b, jak je moje c\u00edrkev vn\u00edm\u00e1na zven\u010d\u00ed? <\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u00a0\"TOP<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

        4. P\u0159esto v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e1le pokrytecky prohla\u0161uj\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b oni jsou nositeli v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, a to p\u0159\u00edmo \u00a0 \u00a0v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho. \u201eNejen\u017ee v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee B\u016fh existuje a v\u0161e vytvo\u0159il a nad cel\u00fdm d\u00edlem dr\u017e\u00ed \u00a0 \u00a0ruku, ale v\u011bd\u00ed i to, co od n\u00e1s vy\u017eaduje, po\u010d\u00ednaje j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dkem a kon\u010de sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0mor\u00e1lkou,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed Hitchens. Tato hloupost ve spojen\u00ed s p\u00fdchou podle Hitchense prakticky \u00a0sta\u010d\u00ed k vy\u0159azen\u00ed v\u00edry z debaty.<\/em><\/p>\n

        Dok\u00e1\u017eu je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159iznat slovo \u201enev\u00edm\u201c? Ned\u011bl\u00e1m se mluv\u010d\u00edm Boha? Jak \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m v\u011bty:\u201cto je Bo\u017e\u00ed v\u016fle\u201c, ani\u017e by byla?<\/strong><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Mezi tyto nesplniteln\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 z\u00e1sady po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 Hitchens p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed vze\u0161l\u00e9 ze Sinaje, kter\u00e9 lidem zakazuje touhu po majetku, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159eformulovan\u00e9 v Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b do t\u00e9 podoby, \u017ee mu\u017e nesm\u00ed pomyslet na \u017eenu ne\u010dist\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, proto\u017ee t\u00edm (my\u0161lenkou) p\u00e1ch\u00e1 cizolo\u017estv\u00ed. S t\u00edmto a podobn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kazy se lze podle Hitchnse vypo\u0159\u00e1dat dv\u011bma zp\u016fsoby. Prvn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je soustavn\u00e9 potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159irozenosti. V\u00fdsledkem je hysterick\u00e9 p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed viny, fale\u0161n\u00e9 sliby n\u00e1pravy a intenzivn\u00ed odsuzov\u00e1n\u00ed ostatn\u00edch h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edk\u016f, tedy duchovn\u00ed policejn\u00ed st\u00e1t. Druh\u00fdm v\u00fdchodiskem je to, co jsem zm\u00ednil v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm odstavci \u2013 organizovan\u00e9 pokrytectv\u00ed.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Moralizuji sebe a lidi kolem sebe nesplniteln\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkazem Star\u00e9ho Z\u00e1kona, nebo vyzn\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee \u017eiju jen z Milosti? Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edm kolem sebe v\u00a0c\u00edrkvi, nebo pom\u00e1h\u00e1m vytv\u00e1\u0159et (st\u00e1v\u00e1m se sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ml\u010den\u00edm) onen\u201cpolicejn\u00ed st\u00e1t\u201c?<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. B\u00fdt v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm dle R.Dawkinse (velik\u00e9ho kritika n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed)nen\u00ed zlo\u010dinem. B\u00fdt v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm znamen\u00e1 b\u00fdt neznal\u00fdm a nevzd\u011blan\u00fdm v dan\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch. Dawkins to ilustruje na p\u0159\u00edkladu, \u017ee on s\u00e1m je neznal\u00fd baseballu, a proto o n\u011bm nikde nemluv\u00ed tak, jako by na toto t\u00e9ma byl expert. \u201ePodobn\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed by se nem\u011blo vyjad\u0159ovat k\u00a0ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m, o kter\u00fdch nic nev\u00ed, typu vzniku vesm\u00edru, st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Zem\u011b, evoluce, biologie, apod.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            M\u00e1m pot\u0159ebu se doslovisticky vyjad\u0159ovat ke v\u0161emu bibl\u00ed bez respektov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdy, vzd\u011blan\u00fdch lid\u00ed? Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1m s\u00e1m sebe, kdy\u017e se chci k\u00a0tomu vyjad\u0159ovat? Vystav\u00edm s\u00a0odvahou ke konfrontaci sv\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed, nebo \u017eiji jen z\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch pov\u011br?<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Kritici n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed nahr\u00e1vky na sme\u010d p\u0159\u00edmo od samotn\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f. Uve\u010fme k\u00a0zamy\u0161len\u00ed, alespo\u0148 p\u00e1r kritizovan\u00fdch bod\u016f: To, jak\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed dnes kdo vyzn\u00e1v\u00e1, je z velk\u00e9 procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny ot\u00e1zka nikoliv naz\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a objevov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 skryt\u00e9 pravdy, n\u00fdbr\u017e ot\u00e1zka \u010dist\u011b geografick\u00e1. Pokud … Cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1054"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1054"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1057,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1054\/revisions\/1057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestaviry.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}